Simmons K.E.L. (1954) Field-notes on the behaviour of some Passerines migrating through Egypt. ARDEA 42 (1-2): 140-151

Field-notes are given on the behaviour of some transient passerine migrants halting in Egypt in the autumn of 1949 and spring of 1950. (1) 1n autumn, Masked and Red-backed Shrikes established individual territories from which they drove their own species and each other as well. Woodchats and Masked Shrikes were probably at least intraspecifically territorial in spring. (2) Spotted Flycatchers set up small individual territories in autumn, and probably in spring, as male Pied Flycatchers were suspected to do. Collared Flycatchers were definitely territorial in spring, males defending small areas from both sexes. A single instance of probable pair-formation was witnessed in this species. (3) On both passages, warblers of several species tended to localize their activities without being isolated; in spring some birds showed signs of early aggressive behaviour, a male Rnppell's Warbler even maintaining a small territory. (4) There was indication that Redstarts were in some way territorial on both passages. (5) Common Wheatears showed all stages of behaviour from territorialism to complete tolerance (this conclusion was based also on British data), and this was probably true also of the Isabelline and Black-eared Chats. A Pied Chat was recorded in an individual territory in autumn. (6) Some short notes are given on Golden Orioles, Tawny Pipits and Tree-pipits. (7) Some minimum length of stay periods are given for several species, as well as notes on general habits and habitat preferences.